The HTML Structure: Building the Foundation

HTML defines the skeleton of a webpage. It describes the hierarchy of content and elements, helping both the browser and the developer understand the layout.

• <header>, <main>, <footer> — define layout regions
• <section>, <article>, <nav> — organize content semantically
• Keep nesting clear and logical

CSS: Painting with Code

CSS is responsible for the look and feel of your site. It controls colors, spacing, layout, animations, and responsive behavior.

• Use classes and IDs for styling
• Take advantage of Flexbox and Grid
• Follow the cascade and specificity rules
• Organize styles in modular, reusable blocks

Design Principles in Action

Frontend is not only about code — it's about experience. Applying design principles helps create intuitive, consistent, and beautiful interfaces.

• Hierarchy: guide the user with visual weight
• Contrast: ensure readability and accessibility
• Consistency: use repeatable patterns and spacing
• Feedback: highlight interactivity and system response

Responsive Thinking

Today’s web must work across devices. Responsive design ensures your UI adapts to different screen sizes and user contexts.

• Use media queries: @media (max-width: 768px)
• Design mobile-first, then scale up
• Set flexible units: %, vw/vh, rem/em instead of px
• Test across real devices and orientations